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6Jan/100

Cardio for Weight Loss

Cardio is heart healthy and it's a great exercise, but if your goal with cardio is to burn fat, you need to take it with a stride and make it fat burning productive.

I come across many ladies who are quite active. This is all fine and dandy, but when they are active and top that with teaching spinning classes, kick boxing, high energy videos, and general cardio machines, this can be a recipe for disaster, setting your further back than when you started.

Don't go overboard with cardio. Keep it simple, yet effective.

Cardio Intensity

Cardio intensity is a factor to keep fat burning beneficial. This does not mean to do an all out killer cardio routine that leaves you crawling from the gym in a near death status, but to simply shake things up a bit to force the body to respond.

A good way to master cardio is with HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training). There are many variations of HIIT and my favorite is the 2/2 ratio.

Example of 2/2 Ratio HIIT

Minutes 1-2 - Warm up
Minutes 3-4 - Low intensity
Minutes 5-6 - High intensity
Minutes 7-8 - Low intensity
Minutes 9-10 - High Intensity
Minutes 11-12 - Low intensity
Minutes 13-14 - High intensity
Minutes 15-16 - Low intensity
Minutes 17-18 - High Intensity
Minutes 19-20 - Low intensity
Minutes 21-22 - Cool down

With HIIT, your body never falls in a rut because you are constantly changing the intensity to prevent cardio adaptation.

Progressive Cardio

Another successful cardio tactic to use is Progressive Cardio. Your body can adapt to anything in a short amount of time and Progressive Cardio can stop adaptation before it occurs. Progressive Cardio is simply increasing your cardio each week by either the numbers of day or the amount of time to invite change and prevent staleness, provided you don't overdo it.

Example of Progressive Cardio

Week 1 - 4 times a week for 20 minutes
Week 2 - 4 times a week for 25 minutes
Week 3 - 5 times a week for 25 minutes
Week 4 - 5 times a week for 30 minutes

You will notice how each week is a step advanced from the previous. This is how you make cardio work in your favor to burn fat.

Adopt Weight Training

Have you even seen someone in the gym doing endless hours of cardio and still look soft and unfit? That is because she is lacking lean muscle, which is built from weight training and excessive cardio burns muscle.

Weight training builds lean muscle mass. The more muscle you add to your frame, the less you need to rely on cardio. Muscle is metabolically active and allows you to burn more calories at rest and at play. Of course, this does not mean to kick cardio to the curve, but having a balance of both in your program will keep things interesting and will give much better body transformation results.

Summary to Cardio Queen Syndrome

Once you understand how you can manipulate cardio, you will be able to master the fat burning game. Realize that you don't need three or four different cardio methods stacked on top of one another. Just use cardio wisely and you will have the advantage. Remember, cardio is a fat loss tool, not the determining factor.

It is no surprise that diet and fitness go hand in hand, and using cardio for weight loss is an excellent way to boost the body’s fat burning potential as well as take advantage of other health benefits that better fitness provides.

About Cardio Exercise

Cardiovascular exercise is a more technical term for familiar aerobic techniques. Cardio workouts are engineered to last for an extended period of time – typically 30 to 60 minutes – and use a wide range of large muscles to elevate an individual’s heart rate. As the heart rate increases, the body breathes deeper and expands blood flow to the muscles in use.

Cardio exercise stimulates weight loss because of its extended time frame. Initially, the body will burn glycogen, otherwise known as stored sugar, for the energy needed to maintain the exercise. After the available glycogen supply is depleted, however, the body relies on fat for maintaining energy for the activity. It is the burning of these fat stores that results in greater weight loss.

Types of Cardio

There are many fat burning exercises that can be used for cardio for weight loss. The key is to find an exercise that is enjoyable and easy (so you are more likely to do it more frequently and for longer periods of time), as well as one that uses large muscles that will help elevate the heart rate. Popular types of cardio exercises include:

  • Jogging or running
  • Singles tennis games
  • Biking or cycling
  • Swimming
  • Brisk walks or hiking
  • Stair climbing
  • Elliptical machines
  • Jumping rope
  • Kick-boxing
  • Step, dance, or jazz aerobics
  • Aqua aerobics

Even individuals who don’t have time for regular exercise can still enjoy the benefits of a cardio workout by making adjustments to their daily routine. Speeding up the pace of housecleaning and yard work can create a cardio workout, and walking to a local store instead of driving can automatically add more cardio time into even the busiest schedule.

Regardless of the type of cardio you choose, it is best to find an exercise that uses a variety of muscle groups, a wide range of motion, and is suitable to your physical abilities. Before beginning any exercise regimen, consult a physician to discuss proper exercise techniques and what target heart rate you should achieve for the best cardio workout.

Cardio Benefits

In addition to using cardio for weight loss, many people enjoy additional benefits from this type of increased exercise. Cardiovascular exercise can:

  • Increase physical stamina and endurance.
  • Help lungs work more efficiently and gain a greater capacity.
  • Stimulate more efficient blood flow to muscles, which helps relieve cramps and remove the body’s toxins.
  • Release endorphins into the bloodstream, providing a natural “high.”
  • Increase the body’s flexibility.
  • Lower blood pressure and bad cholesterol levels.

Combined with weight loss, these health benefits greatly increase the quality of life and can allow individuals to enjoy far more activities than they would be able to without a healthy lifestyle.

Using Cardio for Weight Loss

Swimming is low impact cardio.

To use cardio exercise to enhance weight loss, it is important to opt for a regular cardio routine. A steady regimen of 30 to 60 minutes of cardio exercise 3 to 4 times per week is recommended, though individuals who have not exercised regularly should start with shorter workouts to allow their bodies time to develop the stamina for longer sessions. Interval training – where more rigorous portions of a workout are interspersed with easier exercises in the same session – is particularly effective at increasing the heart rate while still adjusting to each individual’s exercise level.

To keep the workout fresh and interesting, it is also critical to change routines periodically. A new routine or different type of exercise will work different muscles, spreading the benefits of the exercise throughout the body. New techniques will also keep the participant interested and engaged in the activity rather than making it a chore. By staying interested in the exercise, it is more likely that a regular routine will be adhered to and the long-term benefits of cardio exercise can be experienced.

Best Time to Do Cardio

While there is no “wrong” time to do cardio for weight loss, there is some evidence that the most efficient time is in the morning before eating breakfast. The theory is that individuals who do cardio after a meal must first burn off the excess sugar and carbohydrates they’ve just ingested, which means that less fat will be burned away during the duration of the workout. By working out before eating, more stored fat will be converted to energy and the weight loss benefits may be noticed sooner. After the workout, eating a healthy breakfast will restore the body’s energy level and prevent the period of lethargy that may follow.

It is important to note, however, that doing cardio at any time is beneficial. If the only time an extended exercise period can be arranged is in the evening, the benefits will still accumulate, though the weight loss may be more gradual. In addition, many exercise physiologists and nutrition researchers believe that the primary key to weight loss is not what time you exercise, but rather creating a calorie deficit by either eating fewer calories with a properly balanced, healthful diet or burning more calories on a daily basis, and ultimately adopting a healthy combination of both.

Avoiding Injury

Because cardio workouts are so extensive, it is important to take appropriate precautions to prevent injuries.

  • Wear appropriate footwear with adequate support and cushioning to prevent stress fractures and joint pain.
  • Drink plenty of water before, during, and after the workout to keep the body properly hydrated.
  • Be sure to stretch and warm up muscles before intense workouts to prevent strains.

Cardio Won’t Work by Itself

Despite the benefits of cardiovascular exercise and what it does contribute to weight loss, the most effective weight loss plan incorporates more than aerobic exercise. Healthy eating habits are essential to provide adequate nutrition to hard-working muscles, and strength training will help build muscles that can operate more efficiently, further stimulating weight loss. By developing a well-rounded diet and exercise plan, with cardio for weight loss as an integral part of the routine, it is possible to create a healthy lifestyle that will lead to many physical and emotional benefits.

13Dec/093

Burning Calories

Whether you are trying to lose weight or maintain your current healthy weight, burning calories is the key. While there are clear reasons for the need to ignite your internal furnace, there are also a few tricks to help keep your body running at high speed. Weight is determined mostly by the balance of calories - how many you burn vs. how many you eat each day. To lose weight, you need to increase your activity to burn more and/or eat fewer calories each day.

Calories and Weight

A pound of fat equals 3500 calories. To lose 1 pound a week you will need to expend 3500 more calories than you eat that week, whether through increased activity or decreased eating or both. Losing 1-2 pounds of fat a week is a sensible goal, and so you will want to use the combination of increased activity and eating less that will total 3500 calories for 7 days.

How You Burn Calories

Your weight x distance = energy used walking. Time does not matter as much as distance. If you speed up to walking a mile in 13 minutes or less, you will be burning more calories per mile. But for most beginning walkers, it is best to increase the distance before working on speed. A simple rule of thumb is 100 calories per mile for a 180 pound person.

Note About the Calories Chart
You burn more calories per mile at very low speeds because you are basically stopping and starting with each step and your momentum isn't helping to carry you along. Mean while, at very high walking speeds you are using more muscle groups with arm motion and with a racewalking stride. Those extra muscles burn up extra calories with each step. Running may burn more calories per mile as there is an up and down motion lifting your weight off the ground as well as moving it forward.

Calories burned per mile by walking
Speed/Pounds 100 lb 120 lb 140 lb 160 lb 180 lb 200 lb 220 lb 250 lb 275 lb 300 lb
2.0mph 57 68 80 91 102 114 125 142 156 170
2.5mph 55 65 76 87 98 109 120 136 150 164
3.0mph 53 64 74 85 95 106 117 133 146 159
3.5mph 52 62 73 83 94 104 114 130 143 156
4.0mph 57 68 80 91 102 114 125 142 156 170
4.5mph 64 76 89 102 115 127 140 159 175 191
5.0mph 73 87 102 116 131 145 160 182 200 218

Basal Metabolic Rate

Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of calories your body needs within a 24-hour period to sustain itself. Bodily functions include everything from your respiratory and circulatory systems, to your kidney and liver functions. Your BMR is strictly composed of the number of calories needed for these types of involuntary systems and not the energy needed for physical activity.

There are a number of individual factors that determine BMR. Age, gender, height, weight, and body composition all play a role in BMR. While most of these elements are unchangeable, alterations to body composition is possible and can lead to a more efficient BMR.

A simple formula to determine your BMR is as follows:

½ calorie per 1 lb. of body weight per hour example: 120 lb. person = ½ x 120 x 24 hours = 1440 calories per day

Since this formula does not take into account age and height, the following formula was devised. It is known as the Harris-Benedict formula and is used by expert nutritionists around the globe.

Males: 66 + (13.7 x kg weight) + (5 x cm. height) – (6.8 x age in years) Females: 65 + (9.6 x kg weight) +(1.7 x cm. height) – (4.7 x age in years)

The Importance of BMR

The number of calories a person burns on a daily basis is especially beneficial as we age. Naturally, BMR will lower its speed as we age due to the decreased need for energy. For example, bone is no longer depositing calcium after age 35 or so, all major organs are fully developed, and our body is running as efficiently as it will ever work. Therefore, when we speak of burning calories, it is critical for weight management purposes to have our body burn as many as possible throughout a person’s life in order to avoid weight gain.

Maximizing the Burn

Burning calories via BMR is a somewhat given expenditure. However, there are ways you can maximize your BMR in a general sense, and maximize your caloric usage with physical activity that adds to your BMR usage. The keys to optimal calorie burn include:

  1. Strength training activities: Muscle tissue requires more energy, otherwise known as calories, than any other tissue in your body. Even at rest, muscle tissue leads a very active lifestyle. For this reason, the more muscle tissues you have in your body, the more calories you will burn. Free weights, universal weight machines, yoga, and resistance exercises, such as bands, done on a consistent basis will increase muscle mass.
  2. Aerobic activities: Running, swimming, walking, and biking are great ways to burn calories. While these types of activities do not directly serve to increase muscle mass, they are extremely beneficial for using up calories that otherwise may be stored as fat. Consistent participation in an aerobic activity of choice is key to burning a consistent number of calories to avoid weight gain.
  3. Eat often: The idea of eating several times throughout the day is not new. By consuming an amount of calories that matches your body’s need for the next couple of hours, you are nourishing and providing energy in a sensible manner. When too many calories are consumed at once, the excess ends up being stored as fat. It is better to burn calories as they are being eaten than to pull them from storage, which happens only when extreme hunger is experienced. Importantly, when your body is being deprived of the nutrition it needs, metabolic rate is known to lower itself in an effort to sustain its primary functions of the brain, heart, and other life-sustaining mechanics.
  4. Eat sufficiently: Depriving your engines of food decreases BMR because it thinks there is an earthly famine lurking and thus conserves energy for ever-so-important factors like brain function. When a lower BMR has been set, and normal eating patterns return, weight gain occurs due to the body now requiring fewer calories secondary to lower BMR. Tip: When reducing calories, be sure to exercise to offset BMR response.
  5. Stay hydrated: When your body fluids are adequately maintained, every cell in your body will operate at its optimal speed. Proper hydration has been shown to increase BMR by up to 30% within 10 minutes and remains elevated for up to 40 minutes. While this may not sound like much, it plays a tremendous role in extinguishing those extra 60 “cookie” calories.

Burn, Baby, Burn

Indeed, your internal inferno is a mandatory piece of your weight management puzzle. However, by using your BMR to its fullest potential and adding an excess calorie needs requirement through physical activity, your body will be smiling.


Calories Burned During Exercise

Activity (1 hour) 130lbs 155lbs 190lbs
Aerobics, general
Aerobics, high impact
Aerobics, low impact
Archery (non-hunting)
Automobile repair
Backpacking, general
Badminton, competitive
Badminton, social, general
Basketball, game
Basketball, nongame, general
Basketball, officiating
Basketball, shooting baskets
Basketball, wheelchair
Bicycling, <10mph, leisure
Bicycling, >20mph, racing
Bicycling, 10-11.9mph, light effort
Bicycling, 12-13.9mph, moderate effort
Bicycling, 14-15.9mph, vigorous effort
Bicycling, 16-19mph, very fast, racing
Bicycling, BMX or mountain
Bicycling, stationary, general
Bicycling, stationary, light effort
Bicycling, stationary, moderate effort
Bicycling, stationary, very light effort
Bicycling, stationary, very vigorous effort
Bicycling, stationary, vigorous effort
Billiards
Bowling
Boxing, in ring, general
Boxing, punching bag
Boxing, sparring
Broomball
Calisthenics (pushups, sit-ups), vigorous effort
Calisthenics, home, light/moderate effort
Canoeing, on camping trip
Canoeing, rowing, >6 mph, vigorous effort
Canoeing, rowing, crewing, competition
Canoeing, rowing, light effort
Canoeing, rowing, moderate effort
Carpentry, general
Carrying heavy loads, such as bricks
Child care: sitting/kneeling-dressing, feeding
Child care: standing-dressing, feeding
Circuit training, general
Cleaning, heavy, vigorous effort
Cleaning, house, general
Cleaning, light, moderate effort
Coaching: football, soccer, basketball, etc.
Construction, outside, remodeling
Cooking or food preparation
Cricket (batting, bowling)
Croquet
Curling
Dancing, aerobic, ballet or modern, twist
Dancing, ballroom, fast
Dancing, ballroom, slow
Dancing, general
Darts, wall or lawn
Diving, springboard or platform
Electrical work, plumbing
Farming, baling hay, cleaning barn
Farming, milking by hand
Farming, shoveling grain
Fencing
Fishing from boat, sitting
Fishing from river bank, standing
Fishing in stream, in waders
Fishing, general
Fishing, ice, sitting
Football or baseball, playing catch
Football, competitive
Football, touch, flag, general
Frisbee playing, general
Frisbee, ultimate
Gardening, general
Golf, carrying clubs
Golf, general
Golf, miniature or driving range
Golf, pulling clubs
Golf, using power cart
Gymnastics, general
Hacky sack
Handball, general
Handball, team
Health club exercise, general
Hiking, cross country
Hockey, field
Hockey, ice
Horse grooming
Horse racing, galloping
Horseback riding, general
Horseback riding, trotting
Horseback riding, walking
Hunting, general
Jai alai
Jogging, general
Judo, karate, kick boxing, tae kwan do
Kayaking
Kickball
Lacrosse
Marching band, playing instrument(walking)
Marching, rapidly, military
Moto-cross
Moving furniture, household
Moving household items, boxes, upstairs
Moving household items, carrying boxes
Mowing lawn, general
Mowing lawn, riding mower
Music playing, cello, flute, horn, woodwind
Music playing, drums
Music playing, guitar, classical, folk(sitting)
Music playing, guitar, rock/roll band(standing)
Music playing, piano, organ, violin, trumpet
Paddleboat
Painting, papering, plastering, scraping
Polo
Pushing or pulling stroller with child
Race walking
Racquetball, casual, general
Racquetball, competitive
Raking lawn
Rock climbing, ascending rock
Rock climbing, rapelling
Rope jumping, fast
Rope jumping, moderate, general
Rope jumping, slow
Rowing, stationary, light effort
Rowing, stationary, moderate effort
Rowing, stationary, very vigorous effort
Rowing, stationary, vigorous effort
Rugby
Running, 10 mph (6 min mile)
Running, 10.9 mph (5.5 min mile)
Running, 5 mph (12 min mile)
Running, 5.2 mph (11.5 min mile)
Running, 6 mph (10 min mile)
Running, 6.7 mph (9 min mile)
Running, 7 mph (8.5 min mile)
Running, 7.5mph (8 min mile)
Running, 8 mph (7.5 min mile)
Running, 8.6 mph (7 min mile)
Running, 9 mph (6.5 min mile)
Running, cross country
Running, general
Running, in place
Running, on a track, team practice
Running, stairs, up
Running, training, pushing wheelchair
Running, wheeling, general
Sailing, boat/board, windsurfing, general
Sailing, in competition
Scrubbing floors, on hands and knees
Shoveling snow, by hand
Shuffleboard, lawn bowling
Sitting-playing with child(ren)-light
Skateboarding
Skating, ice, 9 mph or less
Skating, ice, general
Skating, ice, rapidly, > 9 mph
Skating, ice, speed, competitive
Skating, roller
Ski jumping (climb up carrying skis)
Ski machine, general
Skiing, cross-country, >8.0 mph, racing
Skiing, cross-country, moderate effort
Skiing, cross-country, slow or light effort
Skiing, cross-country, uphill, maximum effort
Skiing, cross-country, vigorous effort
Skiing, downhill, light effort
Skiing, downhill, moderate effort
Skiing, downhill, vigorous effort, racing
Skiing, snow, general
Skiing, water
Ski-mobiling, water
Skin diving, scuba diving, general
Sledding, tobogganing, bobsledding, luge
Snorkeling
Snow shoeing
Snowmobiling
Soccer, casual, general
Soccer, competitive
Softball or baseball, fast or slow pitch
Softball, officiating
Squash
Stair-treadmill ergometer, general
Standing-packing/unpacking boxes
Stretching, hatha yoga
Surfing, body or board
Sweeping garage, sidewalk
Swimming laps, freestyle, fast, vigorous effort
Swimming laps, freestyle, light/moderate effort
Swimming, backstroke, general
Swimming, breaststroke, general
Swimming, butterfly, general
Swimming, leisurely, general
Swimming, sidestroke, general
Swimming, sychronized
Swimming, treading water, fast/vigorous
Swimming, treading water, moderate effort
Table tennis, ping pong
Tai chi
Teaching aerobics class
Tennis, doubles
Tennis, general
Tennis, singles
Unicycling
Volleyball, beach
Volleyball, competitive, in gymnasium
Volleyball, noncompetitive; 6-9 member team
Walk/run-playing with child(ren)-moderate
Walk/run-playing with child(ren)-vigorous
Walking, 2.0 mph, slow pace
Walking, 3.0 mph, mod. pace, walking dog
Walking, 3.5 mph, uphill
Walking, 4.0 mph, very brisk pace
Walking, carrying infant or 15-lb load
Walking, grass track
Walking, upstairs
Walking, using crutches
Wallyball, general
Water aerobics, water calisthenics
Water polo
Water volleyball
Weight lifting or body building, vigorous effort
Weight lifting, light or moderate effort
Whitewater rafting, kayaking, or canoeing
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236
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590
177
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422
493
352
246
211
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317
563
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1126
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352
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176
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633
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317
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Whether you are trying to lose weight or maintain your current healthy weight, burning calories is the key. While there are clear reasons for the need to ignite your internal furnace, there are also a few tricks to help keep your body running at high speed.

Basal Metabolic Rate

Your basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of calories your body needs within a 24-hour period to sustain itself. Bodily functions include everything from your respiratory and circulatory systems, to your kidney and liver functions. Your BMR is strictly composed of the number of calories needed for these types of involuntary systems and not the energy needed for physical activity.

There are a number of individual factors that determine BMR. Age, gender, height, weight, and body composition all play a role in BMR. While most of these elements are unchangeable, alterations to body composition is possible and can lead to a more efficient BMR.

A simple formula to determine your BMR is as follows:

½ calorie per 1 lb. of body weight per hour example: 120 lb. person = ½ x 120 x 24 hours = 1440 calories per day

Since this formula does not take into account age and height, the following formula was devised. It is known as the Harris-Benedict formula and is used by expert nutritionists around the globe.

Males: 66 + (13.7 x kg weight) + (5 x cm. height) – (6.8 x age in years) Females: 65 + (9.6 x kg weight) +(1.7 x cm. height) – (4.7 x age in years)

The Importance of BMR

The number of calories a person burns on a daily basis is especially beneficial as we age. Naturally, BMR will lower its speed as we age due to the decreased need for energy. For example, bone is no longer depositing calcium after age 35 or so, all major organs are fully developed, and our body is running as efficiently as it will ever work. Therefore, when we speak of burning calories, it is critical for weight management purposes to have our body burn as many as possible throughout a person’s life in order to avoid weight gain.

Maximizing the Burn

Burning calories via BMR is a somewhat given expenditure. However, there are ways you can maximize your BMR in a general sense, and maximize your caloric usage with physical activity that adds to your BMR usage. The keys to optimal calorie burn include:

  1. Strength training activities: Muscle tissue requires more energy, otherwise known as calories, than any other tissue in your body. Even at rest, muscle tissue leads a very active lifestyle. For this reason, the more muscle tissues you have in your body, the more calories you will burn. Free weights, universal weight machines, yoga, and resistance exercises, such as bands, done on a consistent basis will increase muscle mass.
  2. Aerobic activities: Running, swimming, walking, and biking are great ways to burn calories. While these types of activities do not directly serve to increase muscle mass, they are extremely beneficial for using up calories that otherwise may be stored as fat. Consistent participation in an aerobic activity of choice is key to burning a consistent number of calories to avoid weight gain.
  3. Eat often: The idea of eating several times throughout the day is not new. By consuming an amount of calories that matches your body’s need for the next couple of hours, you are nourishing and providing energy in a sensible manner. When too many calories are consumed at once, the excess ends up being stored as fat. It is better to burn calories as they are being eaten than to pull them from storage, which happens only when extreme hunger is experienced. Importantly, when your body is being deprived of the nutrition it needs, metabolic rate is known to lower itself in an effort to sustain its primary functions of the brain, heart, and other life-sustaining mechanics.
  4. Eat sufficiently: Depriving your engines of food decreases BMR because it thinks there is an earthly famine lurking and thus conserves energy for ever-so-important factors like brain function. When a lower BMR has been set, and normal eating patterns return, weight gain occurs due to the body now requiring fewer calories secondary to lower BMR. Tip: When reducing calories, be sure to exercise to offset BMR response.
  5. Stay hydrated: When your body fluids are adequately maintained, every cell in your body will operate at its optimal speed. Proper hydration has been shown to increase BMR by up to 30% within 10 minutes and remains elevated for up to 40 minutes. While this may not sound like much, it plays a tremendous role in extinguishing those extra 60 “cookie” calories.