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30Nov/090

Diabetic Food List

A Registered Dietitian assesses the nutritional needs of a person with diabetes and calculates the amounts of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and total calories needed per day. He will then convert this information into recommending the list of food a diabetic can eat in the daily diet.

The diabetic food list can be best understood when items are classified in a few specific categories instead of one long, seemingly infinite list. For this reason, the following information offers appropriate food items for a diabetic diet in a comprehensive, easy to follow fashion. Please feel free to add any diabetic foods that you enjoy or are aware of that are not present on this list. Also, be sure to check out our varied list of diabetic recipes.

General Foods

While following a diabetic menu may appear complicated at first, it gets easier with time. As your knowledge and understanding grows about the mechanism of diabetes in the body, food selection will be a breeze. Some standard foods include:

  • Whole grains

Bran

Oats

Wheat – including wheat germ

Bulgur

Brown rice

Rye

Quinoa

  • Beans and Legumes

Chickpeas

Kidney beans

Lentils

Navy beans

Soy beans

Black-eyed peas

Lima beans

  • Vegetablespyramid

Broccoli

Cauliflower

String beans

Asparagus

Brussel sprouts

Avocado

Collards

Peppers

Radishes

Tomatoes

Turnips

Squash

Dill pickles

  • Fruits

Apples

Bananas

Pears

Strawberries

Blueberries

Peaches

Plums

Oranges

Tangerines

  • Dairy

Cottage cheese

Reduced-fat milk

Reduced-fat yogurt

Reduced-fat cheeses

Reduced-fat sour cream

Sugar-free ice cream/frozen yogurt

  • Eggs
  • Meats

Chicken breast

Turkey breast

Lean cut beef

Lean pork

Bacon (pork or turkey)

Sausage (pork, beef or turkey)

  • Fish & Shellfish

Cod

Flounder

Salmon

Tuna

Sole

Shrimp

Lobster

Clams

In the case of vegetables and fruits, all varieties are suitable for a diabetic meal plan. The most important key to remember is that the slower the digestion of the fruit or vegetable, the better. Two ways to ensure this is to have adequate fiber, such as eating the peel of the apple, and to combine the food item with a small amount of protein and/or fat. There is much more information on this piece of the diabetic puzzle at Basics of the Diabetic Diet.

Processed Foods

While whole foods are encouraged for a healthy eating plan, whether diabetic or not, it is sometimes convenient and necessary to rely on processed food products. Such items include frozen entrees, prepared salads, and canned soups. The following items are popular selections:

  • Soups

Minestrone

Barley

Lentil

Vegetarian (with beans)

Chicken vegetable

Bouillon

  • Prepared Salads

Egg salad

Tuna salad

Chicken salad

Bean salad

Vegetable tossed salad

  • Candy/Desserts

Sugar-free gelatin

Sugar-free hard candies

Sugar-free chocolate

Sugar-free gum

  • Condiments

Sugar-free jams/jellies

Mayonnaise

Mustard

Low sugar salad dressings

Salsa

Creamer

Margarine

Butter

Vinegar

  • Beverages

Mineral water

Club soda

Diet soft drinks (sugar-free)

Diet drink mixes (sugar-free ice tea, lemonade, fruit juice)

Coffee

Tea

Seasonings and Herbs

There are no restrictions to the amount or type of fresh or dried herbs that can be used. In fact, they are a beneficial alternative to the sugar that may be missing from a recipe. Flavored extracts, garlic, hot sauce, horseradish, and Worcestershire sauce are suitable seasonings to use as well.

Sugar Alternatives

Besides the packaged sugar-free items listed above, you can create your own sweet treats with the use of the following sweeteners instead of cane sugar with its high carbohydrate content:

  • Sucralose (Splenda brand)
  • Aspartame (Equal brand)
  • Acesulfame K (Sweet One brand)
  • Saccharin (Sweet n Low brand)
  • Stevia (herb)

It is most healthful to use these sweeteners sparingly. Most importantly, since aspartame contains phenylalanine, individuals with phenylketonuria need to avoid altogether.

Restricted and to avoid :

  • Refined and simple carbohydrates - such as sucrose, glucose or fructose, white rice, white bread, table sugar, sweets, honey, corn-syrup
  • High fat food.
  • Alcohol - Higher quantities alcohol can cause health problems like liver damage and increase the risk of heart disease.
  • High sodium food - such as salty fish.
29Nov/090

Diabetic Diet Plan

If you have diabetes, your body cannot make or properly use insulin. This leads to high blood glucose, or sugar, levels in your blood. Healthy eating helps to reduce your blood sugar. It is a critical part of managing your diabetes, because controlling your blood sugar can prevent the complications of diabetes.

Wise food choices are a foundation of diabetes treatment. Diabetes experts suggest meal plans that are flexible and take your lifestyle and other health needs into account. A registered dietitian can help you design a meal plan.

Healthy diabetic eating includes

  • Limiting sweets
  • Eating often
  • Being careful about when and how many carbohydrates you eat
  • Eating lots of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables
  • Eating less fat
  • Limiting your use of alcohol

The goal of a diabetic diet plan is to take a proactive approach to controlling blood sugar levels via nutrition. For most people who are managing diabetes, eating choices and style are vital components to success.

Unique Aspects of the Diabetic Diet Plan

Most of us are now familiar with the food pyramid style of eating. In fact, USDA has introduced a site called My Pyramid that recognizes the unique nutritional needs of each individual by using the food pyramid. Age and activity level are the primary considerations for determining appropriate food intake levels. While it's a great start on recognizing the differences among people, it does not take medical needs into consideration. Folks on a diabetic diet plan learn early that their eating choices are "even more critical" than the average person. With that in mind, the The American Diabetes Association has developed the Diabetes Food Pyramid.

The good news about the Diabetes Food Pyramid is that it allows people on a diabetic diet to eat the same foods that everyone else should be eating. The emphasis is on balancing sugar intake and nutrition through portion size and food choices. Of course it takes some planning, but learning to manage your blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol via nutrition is key.

The Diabetes Food Pyramid

The following suggestions are for a diabetic diet plan based on the Diabetes Food Pyramid. They are offered as a guideline. As such, they are not a replacement for professional medical advice. Please talk with your care provider to determine if this style of eating is appropriate for your specific needs.

Grains and Starches

Providing the greatest source of carbohydrates, foods in this group include breads, rice, pastas and starchy vegetables like potatoes, peas and corn. Choose 6-11 servings per day. Approximate serving sizes are:

  • 1 piece of bread
  • 1 small tortilla
  • 1/3 cup of pasta
  • 1/3 cup of rice
  • 3/4 cup dry cereal
  • 1/2 cup cooked cereal
  • 1/2 cup of starchy vegetables or beans

Vegetables

Vegetables are naturally low in fat and rich in vitamins and minerals. Exceptional vegetables for diabetics are those with high mineral, low sugar content. Try to include recipes that have a variety of leafy vegetables like lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard and cabbage. Broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, tomatoes, and cucumbers are also great choices. Eat 3-5 servings of these vegetables per day. A serving is:

  • 1 cup raw vegetables
  • 1/2 cup cooked vegetables

Fruit

Fruit, like grains and starchy vegetables also contain carbohydrates. They have plenty of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, but can be loaded with natural sugars. Be sure to eat small portions throughout the day, rather than consuming your entire daily allotted servings all at once. Two to four servings of fruit is the suggested amount per day A fruit serving is:

  • 1 small fresh fruit
  • 2 tablespoons of dried fruit
  • 1 cup of fresh diced fruit
  • 1/2 cup canned fruit
  • 1 1/4 cup of whole strawberries

Milk

Milk products like yogurt and cheese contain a lot of protein and calcium as well as many other vitamins. They may also contain a lot of fat. Choose only 2-3 servings per day, preferably reduced fat varieties. A milk serving is:

  • 1 cup non-fat or low-fat milk
  • 3/4 cup whole milk
  • 1 cup of yogurt

Meat and Proteins

The meat group includes all poultry and seafood as well as beef, chicken, eggs, tofu, and peanut butter. Meat and meat substitutes provide protein and fat. Divide the servings among meals to equal 4-6 ounces of meat per day. 1 oz of meat equals:

  • 1 egg
  • 1 tablespoon of peanut butter
  • 1/2 cup tofu
  • 1 piece of bacon

Fats and Sugars, Including Alcohol

This group includes most of the pre-packaged snack foods like potato chips and crackers, as well as sugar treats like candy and cookies. We all know they aren't as nutritious as fruits and vegetables and usually contain an exceptional amount of sugar. These foods are treats! Consumption should be minimal and servings small. A small treat size is considered:

  • 1/2 cup ice cream or frozen yogurt
  • 1 small cupcake
  • 2 small cookies
  • 1 5 oz glass of wine
  • 1 12 oz beer
29Nov/090

Diabetic Diet Menus

The ideal diabetic meal will consist of a combination of foods. Some foods cross categories, like bread products that are high in fat, dairy items that provide protein, and starchy vegetables. Our needs will vary depending on the time of day and how much physical activity we engage in. Following is a sample diabetic diet meal

Initially, a diabetic diet can be overwhelming. What to eat, how much to eat, and when to eat are commonly asked questions when embarking on a diabetic diet. In addition, learning about carbohydrates and its effect on glucose and insulin levels, and counting carbohydrate grams can be challenging at the onset. However, with sensible meal planning and the sample diabetic diet menus below, following a this diet to control blood glucose levels can be easy and enjoyed.

Importance of Meal Planning

For most people, thinking about planning a week’s worth of meals, or even three meals for the day, is unimaginable. However, whether you are trying to lose weight, aiming to maintain weight, or controlling a health condition, such as diabetes, meal planning is the answer. With thought, preparation, and modifications to suit your lifestyle, daily or weekly menus function as your game plan to balanced, healthful food selection. Benefits of meal planning include:

  • Controlled blood sugar/insulin
  • Reduction and/or elimination of medications
  • Weight management
  • Controlled cholesterol and triglyceride levels
  • Controlled blood pressure
  • Less likely to skip meals
  • Proper portions
  • Less frustration about what to eat

Diabetic Menus

Adhering to practical food choices can make a profound difference to your blood glucose and insulin levels. That reason alone is enough to imagine doing the once unimaginable task of planning suitable and tasty meals. Meals do not have to be bland or severely restrictive. The most important feature of a daily menu is its mix of complex carbohydrates, such as grains, fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats.

The following diabetic diet menus will launch you on your way to a lifetime of healthy eating. Each menu supports adequate complex carbohydrate intake to discourage escalating glucose levels. The calorie totals range from 1200 –1500 per day. Providing yourself with a meal or snack at 2-3 hour intervals is highly recommended, as is always eating within 1 hour of waking. It is wise to seek the expertise of a nutritionist or other medical professional to help devise meal plans to meet your individual needs.

Day 1

Breakfast

  • 1 small (2 oz.) bran muffin
  • ½ c. blueberries
  • 1 c. fat-free milk

Snack

  • 1 small banana

Lunch

  • Spinach salad with 2 tbs. reduced-fat dressing of choice
  • 1 small whole-wheat pita
  • 2 oz. low-sodium turkey breast
  • Lettuce leaves
  • Tomato slices
  • 2 tsp. mustard
  • 1 orange
  • 1 c. fat-free milk

Snack

  • 20 almonds
  • 6 oz. low-fat yogurt sweetened with sucralose (Splenda brand)
  • 1 c. herbal tea or coffee

Dinner

  • ¼ lb. raw shrimp, grilled or sautéed in small amount of olive oil
  • 3/4 c. whole-wheat pasta
  • ½ c. black beans
  • 1 c. steamed broccoli

Day 2

Breakfast

  • 2 slices whole-wheat toast
  • 2 tbs. peanut butter
  • 1 small banana
  • 1 c. tea or coffee

Snack

  • 1 c. herbal tea
  • ½ c. unsweetened applesauce
  • 2 tbs. chopped walnuts

Lunch

  • 2 slices whole-wheat bread
  • 3 oz. lean roast beef
  • 2 tsp. mustard
  • 1 c. raw or steamed cauliflower
  • 1 c. tea or coffee

Snack

  • 1 c. fat-free milk
  • 2 small fig cookies

Dinner

  • 3 oz. chicken breast, sautéed with 1 c. of vegetables of choice
  • 1 tbs. olive oil (for cooking)
  • 2/3 c. cooked brown rice
  • 1 c. fat-free milk

Day 3

Breakfast

  • 3/4 c. bran cereal
  • 1 c. strawberries
  • 1 c. fat-free milk

Snack

  • 12 red or green grapes
  • ½ c. cottage cheese

Lunch

  • 1 serving (10 oz.) beef barley soup
  • 1 multi-grain dinner roll
  • 1 medium apple
  • 1 c. tea or coffee

Snack

  • ¼ c. sunflower seeds
  • 6 oz. low-fat yogurt sweetened with sucralose (Splenda brand)

Dinner

  • 6 oz. halibut or other white fish, broiled
  • 2/3 c. whole-wheat couscous
  • Mixed green salad with 2 tbs. reduced-fat dressing
  • 1 c. tea or coffee

The diabetic diet menu provided here are divided according to the calories it provided. Each menu provide about 50% calorie from carbohydrate, 20% from protein and 30% from fat. As your eating style may varied, feel free to move food to the meal or snack time that fit you.

For diabetic who want to lose weight, the 3 diabetic diet menu provided below can be used to create calorie deficit required for you to cut down your weight.

Diabetic should be reminded that they need not have to lose 50 or 100 pounds to reap the benefit. Even a weight lose of 5-10 pounds can bring impressive health benefit. So use the diabetic diet menu provided here to lose weight, control your blood glucose level, improve blood pressure and return cholesterol level to healthier range

Other Resources

There are several books available to help with additional meal planning. Reversing Diabetes and Betty Crocker's Diabetes Cookbook are highly recommended due to their wealth of information and diabetic diet menus.

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